Learnt something new! I guessed or perhaps it was uninformed logic?
Roy

Hi Ronald, I checked on the motor it is a standard 6v 385 or '400' motor, that is just right for the model.
Roy

Hi Ronald, yes that is a 9 gram servo. See the description 9g that is the weight. It has a 1 pound torque at 1 cm (3/8ths inch).
Quite enough to work the rudder and small enough to tuck away.
Roy

Hi, looking good. You only need a 9 gram servo for the rudder, that is what I have in mine. Which motor is that?

Roy

I agree with Lucky.... and the wind comes from higher up so the sails at the top of the mast do a lot of the driving.

Norfolk, contrary to Disney who talked about the 'Mountains of Norfolk' in one of their films, is the flatest county in England. It has no Motorways either. A lot of the near coast land is the Broads inland water now a pleasure area.

The land was recovered from marsh by the Dutchman Cornelius Vermuyden who was employed to do the work at the start of the 17th. century. This involved a vast drainage system and the inland waterways that we have now. He was Knighted for his efforts, must have been King George II.

For some reason I remember all this from my school days!
Roy

Hi Ross thanks for that I have put it in the trolley and at £1.24 I will add in my next order as P&P was £3!
Roy

Hi Ross, I think I will rely on the wire or cord with the chain a cosmetic attachment. Also I don't have any more of that chain! 😀
Roy

Hi Ross if you look to the right of the chain there is a line but I think it should have been tighter as the intention was to thread the line through the chain, this was on a bowsie but may have loosened.

My model is to 1 : 35 scale. The hanging part of the chain is 5 inches long.
Roy

Hi Ross, picture of Broken chain. The links are about 3mm across. It was a lot stronger than a more scale like chain and this was all I had. Testing it for strength was not going to help.

Roy

Hi Pat it is no good you trying to baffle me with science! I am a thicko with a few nautical bits stuck on.😂😂
Roy

Hi Aless... The fixed rigging is called the 'Standing' rigging and the rest is mostly 'Running' rigging. The ropes to control the angle of the sails are mainly called 'sheets' and these days have colour coding interwoven into the rope to help identify them.

Halyards are the ropes that haul up or put items in position. Could be flags or sails being hauled into position as in fore and aft sails.
Then there are clewlines buntlines and leechlines and footropes.

Ropes are measured in 'size' by their diameter so a 1 inch rope is about 0.3 inches thick.

It goes on......Any more contributions are welcome.

The bowsprit takes a lot of pressure and often has a chain from the tip going down to a low part of the bow. The forestay goes from the end of the bowsprit to the foremast.
On my sqaresail sailboat if the wind gets excessive the chain snaps, which it is at the moment awaiting repair!

Roy

I thiink I saw the Thatch weave demonstrated on a reconstruction wartime documentery... something 360. 2 aircraft could shoot down a single one even if it was faster. Very clever thinking.

Interesting reference to radar on your link.
Roy

It should be said that the Americans had an extensive radar system before WW2 used for navigation called TACAN. I was not trained to repair this but the Bristol Britannia transport aircraft had it installed.

One of the problems in the UK was that design and new ideas were being thought up but there was not enough manufacturing ability to persue them. A very brave move by Churchill was to put a lot of these secret ideas into one place and let all the allies know. This was headed by professor Tizzard and he flew to the USA to pass on the information. It turned out that all the allies knew about radar but were also keeping it quiet and doing their own thing.

We already had radar controlled guns and these were further developed in the USA. If you are being bombed from 20,000 feet a shell aimed at you will take nearly 30 seconds to arrive. So prediction is not easy to obtain a hit. The Tizzard committee also brought the idea of the proximiy fuse to improve the effect of a shell.

The shell has an electronic fuse circuit which has a coil which runs at a controlled frequency. Anything metal up to 30 or 40 feet away will upset the frequency and this sets the shell to explode. All electronics was using thermionic valves and although it was just a triode valve it had to withstand the shock of the explosive charge launching the shell.

Another anecdote! The US navy and others use either drones (there were radio controlled aircraft then) or towed aiming streamers. These were rarely ever hit! A US Admiral in a battleship decided to try out his radar controlled guns and the new proximity fused shells on his way down the East coast of the USA on his way to war but stopping off for R&D on the way.

He called for a drone and the first salvo of his guns destroyed it, he called for another drone and that went the same way! They had no more working drones available. The crew and the Admiral could not believe it and it was a major talking point. The Admiral dared not stop for the R&D break as the situation would become common knowledge.

A later set of radar controlled guns from the USA were installed on the south and east coast of England when the V1's flying bombs were launched. The V1 was the first cruise missile flying at 400 mph. The new guns which trained automaticaly were shooting down in some cases 90% of them.

One of the major problems with Chain Home was once the enemy aircraft had gone past the transmitters they were no longer aware of where the aircraft were. In early 1944 an enormous 30 ton rotating land radar was installed, from the USA, and that covered the whole of England although the CH system was still applicable to check on in-coming air attacks.

Roy

Hi Lew I thought about the different way of expressing the date, as I typed. The Germans were way ahead of anyone else with radar. They were suspious that the Allies (us) had radar and just before the war an airship was fitted out with detection equipment headed by a General Martini to run along the coast to check. There was a panic in the UK as what to do. Professor RV Jones said leave it on, do nothing and as it did not conform to German radar ideas it was ignored.

Although German radar was more sophisticated the information was kept at sector level with each radar unit having a couple of night fighters interceptors each. R.V. Jones did an analysis of what positions in the bombing runs was each aircraft that was shot down over Germany.

The result was that he informed his boss Professor Lindemann that the enemy had radar but he dimissed it until a Commando raid brought back parts of a radar unit and it was confirmed.

The radar we had called Chain Home was crude and was up a dead end as far as any development went. But all the units pooled their information and the central control of fighters was established and this what made it successful.

The UK radar was developed at Ormford Ness, on the N.E coast. The sea there was subject to mines laid down by a Luftwaffe flying boat. The story goes that the mines were laid on alternate days on a regular basis. The radar guys would tip the wink to the nearby mine clearance part of the R.N. and they would go out and clear them.

After a while the Germans got to know this and carried on like it was a game! One day the radar guys said nothing, the mines remained and the German flying boat hit one and blew up.

They were rescued by the Royal Navy and the German crew who all survived were most indignant about it, as they asked why we had not cleared the mines like we usually do?

Roy

Note the longest answer was wrong!
Roy

Hi LewZ, you mentioned radar and Pearl Harbour. I see that yesterday 7/12/25 was also a Sunday. At the moment we have other anniversaries in UK.

The land based radar on Oahu, really not appreciated by the senior military and not yet bought into use for defense. At that time the Japanese were more interested in radar for the navigation among their islands rather than for attack and defense.

Only a few days after Pearl Harbour events, the UK lost 2 battleships for much the same reasons on the 10th. December 1941. The Prince of Wales and Repulse had gunnery radar and defense radar. Their commanders still thought about big gun tactics . Repulse did detect the bombers coming but it was too late to react. PoW was the first battleship to be sunk on the high seas by aerial bombardment.

The first major warship to have radar was the German KM Admiral Graf Spee the first fit was pre-war and then a later fit up-dated the radar. She was sunk on 13th. December 1939, mostly by deception. When visible to all in Montevideo, very few were aware of the radar antenna.

In the UK the propaganda thought up the fiction that carrots gave you better eyesight to explain the use of radar (at night) in aircraft. (Remember "Cats eyes Cunningham")

I think the carrier Swordfish biplanes were the only biplanes ever to have radar on board.

In 1958 I was working on bombing radar as used in English Electric Canberra BI. 8's, (bomber interception) it was very complex with many boxes spread around the aircraft. Several were marked "Tropicalised 1944". The equipment must have previously used in Avro Lancasters.

The US version of the English Electric Canberra was the Martin B57 (July 1953) but prior to that the CIA had modified the aircraft with increased wing area and was used as a Spy plane. Canberra first flew in May 1949.
Roy

Hi Rogan I don't agree with you! Your detailing is superb and every part of it is a separate model. Looks good running as well.

Great job,
Roy

Hi Boatshed I like the plastic crash tender with box. That is a case of the sun shall not have them. Sunlight on the old plastics can warp and distort models. I have a 575 yacht the plastic is still an original white and no sign of ageing.

Great to see all the models.
Roy

She sits very well in the water, looks great.
Roy

I agree Last In First Out. although now it is FIGF (first in gone forever). I find I start writing something and then all the words I expected to use go away and hide!

Roy

Hi Doug fortunately I gave up smoking a long while ago!😊

The 'hundreds' was a quote from Wikipedia.
My initial doubts about Stirling powered subs was based on production stopped just over 10 years ago but after further digging was actually because of the payment conditions. Resolved a while later.

However, I accept that I was wrong, but happy the Stirling engine is used for subs. The Scotsman associated with its design may not be so happy to know that it is used as a weapon. Difficult to differentiate a method of keeping the peace from a means of active defence.

We have several model Stirling engines in our Model engineering club and many years ago we had a display for models which rotated around and driven by a hot air engine.
Many years ago one of our members designed a hot air engine entirely made from old storage discs and powered by a light bulb, it was displayed at a Model engineering exhibition maybe 25 years ago and because it was bright and shiny and moved it attracted much attention.

I am running out of brain area to take in new facts and I may have to forget something to make space!😁😁😁
Roy

There are several hundred nuclear subs in the world, USA 66 and Russia 30 China 12. Of course if Russia does decide to attack Europe, non-political hot air may save us all yet!
The UK has survived over 2000 Russian incursions and attacks over the last year or so. The threat is there, if it happens they will run out of people to fight and money, as I doubt China will support them as their war is an Industrial one. They need American and European infra structure intact as countries that buy Chinese goods. Russia has only gas and oil and much of that is sanctioned.

It is an interesting scenario but rather dangerous. Oops sorry about the political side!
Roy

The heat source is diesel fuel and liquid oxygen. That seems neither one thing or the other. If they travel much distance from home port they could run out of LOX. They really only work in home waters.
Can't see the Americans abandoning Nuclear subs in favour of these.
Roy

Hi Fireboat yesterday's answer was'problematic', apparently their are 6 newly commissioned boats. They are for use in the seas around Europe, with 2 more expected around 2031.
Roy

I have been thinking about the longest number of words being the answer. It seems AI thinks the same (7 letters) but the clearly right answer is D with only 6 letters. But then is AI trying to set a trap with a double bluff?

Roy

I read somewhere that Nuclear subs used the spare heat from the reactor to power auxiliary generators, which were Stirling engines. No exhaust no pollution and safe.
Roy

Oh dear! Where does AI get the answers from? One of the Scandanavian countries experimented with Stirling engines in submarines and then gave up as they did not have enough power.

For local water very quiet subs the diesel one has proved to be an excellent alternative to Nuclear propulsion.

I think the question needs setting up again.
Roy

Hi all, I never throw out servos, just strip out the motors as they are good quality, and/or the gear box. With a bit of cutting of plastic gives a low speed continuous drive gearbox for driving a radar unit powered by a single dry cell.
Rotary connection can be with a fine piece length of piano wire which hardly shows.

Older servos can be updated with a change of connection lead. Servo lead extension wires are very cheap and with a bit of checking and identifing old servo leads connection. On all rx's that take current standard servo leads the negative is toward outside of the rx case, next and central is the plus or positive wire and innermost is the signal wire.
Sanwa have the plus and minus swapped and also Fleet but they went further by also changing the shape of the connector, which in my opinion was just to be awkward.
I would cut off the old type connector and cut the extension in half and join the wires as appropriate. Ideally use heat shrink tubing to insulate the soldered joint.

Catching up to servos on sale now which in general are more powerful. The small 9 gram servo at around £1.50 each if sourced on the Internet gives half a kilo thrust at 1cm and can operate most rudders on displacement boats on a 750cm hull.

For sail winches I use standard metal gear servos with an extension arms. The old sail servos apart from a double drum winch which is still in use at 60 years old(!) is a good one.

I had a Fleet sail winch bought new which never worked properly despite the owner of Fleet actually blaming the traffic on the road outside and refusing to do anything about it. Also the 27Mhtz short aerial gave ultra short range as well. The Fleet pre-proportional sets were very good so a bit mixed about them as a manufacturer.

The Futaba receivers with lots of coils to set up were too much of a problem but the transmitters were super. Matched with a Micron receiver they were excellent, that was a kit to build yourself and worked every time. I made 3 of them.

I suspect that most receivers were really for aircraft and receivers with an electric motor drive had not been taken into account. The old esc's had a large voltage drop 1.4 volts in some cases and the motor drive current had to go through the 2 o/p transistors which means 10 amps at 1.4 volts is 14 Watts of power lost to the motors but dissipated across the o/p transistors as heat and needed a big heat sink.

So I do not use these as I can get a 10 amp esc with no heat sink the size of a postage stamp for the price of a servo. The good bit is that everything seems to work together a triumph of all working from the same specs. There are some very small anomolies in servo neutral positions regarding the mark/space ratio of the servo position which could have a 500 microsecond difference.
That is why transmitter servo neutral may differ between servos which will need a small adjustment.

The transmitted frequency will vary in different countries but virtually all 40Mhtz in the UK came in as 35 Mhtz sets and have a 40 mHtz inserted. Witness my Fleet Plainsman (40 Mhtz) Tx. has a 35 Mhtz label on the base.

There is something to check with old electronic RC which is 'black wire syndrome'. I had a transmitter which was a problem, eventually I found the negative wire from the battery pack after stripping back the insulation, was all black. It was basically open circuit.

I replaced the wire and then found another and now it works without problem. I am guessing that it is a soldered joint that starts the black wire problem. Most commercial batteries are welded and I have not seen a problem with them.
I would welcome opinion on this.
Roy

re food in Australian hospitals, Central Coast. As a UK resident I can confirm it is truly awful! Safe things after a 10 day stay were Tomato soup, a sandwiche, most items that are pre packaged. The cooked meals were an insult to the art of cooking. Usual breakfast items OK. Distribution was very casual and rather random. I was given other peoples choices several times.
I stayed in Gosford hospital for most of the time. The staff and doctors were excellent but in general you could be left for hours wndering what is happening. I also had a short stay in Shoalhaven hospital. A really nice friendly hospital.

For UK residents who visit Australia, there is a reciprocal agreement between Medicare and the NHS. The system is quick to use and I had a robot guided operation within the hour almost of the decision to operate.

I had an ambulance drive to my local hospital in Watford and the system worked 10 out of 10 for me. Unexpectadely the food was not bad either! I had an assistant nurse assigned to me and she let me know every hour what was happening.
Having been in an ambulance the ride was rough and the suspension rudimentary on our local roads.

I am off to Oz again in March 2026 so fingers crossed.

Roy

The capacitor can be thrown out as it does not belong.
Looks a little sad but a good clean will improve it no end. I think the 'Standard' is the best of Taycol motors, enjoy it!
Roy