well I hadn't thought of it BUT now you have put the idea into my head...........
Getting the data back ... systems exist to allow POV data from a model to the operator ( camera to headset) so I suspect that could be modified for data transmission.
it may be possible if you accept reduced range to use a Bluetooth system.
include a PI computer and you would have a data logger.
You would I suspect have to mount a transponder so its face is outside the hull but that's not a big problem they are readily available ( even waterproof ones).
All of this begs the BIG question why?
Locals will tell you roughly how deep a pond is and if you will need a boat or only waders to effect a recovery.
http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B007FC5R72/ref=pd_lpo_sbs_dp_ss_1/279-6767445-4376469?pf_rd_m=A3P5ROKL5A1OLE&pf_rd_s=lpo-top-stripe&pf_rd_r=1NAB42CPTT3BTY4T8RRR&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_p=569136327&pf_rd_i=B000JEOEE0
£25 plus postage looks like a good starting point .
Ok a quick bit of web research resulted in
http://www.climaxtackle.co.uk/waverunner/waverunner_fish_finders.htm
ready to go expensive BUT all you need to do what you wanted.