How do I find out the voltoge of my motor without it burning out
I know of no easy way for you to determine the voltage.
However motors do have a coil resistance value measured across the terminals.
Also if you can see the coil windings a thick wire usually indicates a motor designed for high speed and current.
A thinner wire may produce a motor with lower speed and less current and more tork.
If you check the Graupner and look at the windings this may help you identify the other two.
In my experience it's usually too low a voltage that's the problem resulting in slow revs and little if any tork.
At the other end of the scale too high a voltage will result in very high revs and lots of sparks from the brushes. in this case if you continue to apply the volts you will damage the motor.
Many electric drills were powered by motors rated at 9v and did indeed have an impeller cooling fan.
That said Mabuchi and Johnson produced a vast range of motors all looking similar on the outside but wired very differently inside depending on the ultimate use.
I suggest you try with progressively higher voltages and assess which is best for the two unknowns.
Finally most motors are designed to work over a range of voltages so I usually measure both the upper and lower values so I can select the right motor for a particular model.
Dave