H.M.S. CAPTAIN (1869)
WHY SHOULD IT GET INTO THE LIST?
In this review I think that the ship H.M.S, CAPTAIN of 1869 should be added, in its own right.
This ship had lines that were not grotesque but quite original and innovative.
It was definitely a failure.
She sank only a few months after entering service. If she didn't sink first it was only thanks to the skill of her crew and her captain but the ship was absolutely dangerous and a failure.
NOTES ON THE PROJECT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SHIP.
This ship was designed by Cowper Coles, an advocate of the revolving gun tower (for which he had obtained the patent in 1859).
She was a propeller-driven ship but she also had three masts and a very large sail area.
The two revolving towers were among the trees. Above them ran a walkway from bow to stern, called the "hurricane deck", to which the rigging was attached, to prevent it from being damaged by broadsides, as would have happened if it had been connected to the lower deck.
This gave it a very original look.
The masts were tripod and the ship had a very low freeboard.
Length: 98 meters.
Width: 16.23.
Gross tonnage: 7,767 GRT.
CONTRAST WITH THE ADMIRALITY.
Coles managed to have his project evaluated by the British Admiralty who deemed it good enough to be built but entrusted the review to the expert Edward James Reed.
He believed that the ship as it was designed had serious navigation defects and made various modifications to make it safer.
Reed feared above all the capsizing and had criticized the too small freeboard of only 2.4 m. Indeed, with new calculations it was discovered that the displacement was underestimated and therefore the freeboard was reduced to 2 metres.
Coles did not accept these changes which would have completely distorted his intuitions.
Ultimately two different ships were launched.
In 1866 Reed's ship was christened Monarch.
Coles' ship retained the original design and was christened Captain.
The H.M.S. Captain was built in the private Laird shipyard in Birkenhead precisely following Coles' instructions.
She was launched on 27 March 1869.
THE DISASTER
On 6 September 1870 the battleship Captain was together with ten other ships of Admiral Milne's squadron for firing exercises in the Bay of Biscay.
In the late afternoon the weather worsened and the necessary precautions were taken: reduction of the canopy, closing of hatches and skylights, etc. Etc.
The ship that risked the most of all was the Captain with its small freeboard but, above all, because the righting limit was only 21 degrees. Beyond this heel the ship would have capsized.
Around midnight the storm coming from the west had induced the ship's commander (who had already faced two difficult voyages with this ship) Burgoyne to reduce the sail and advance with a little speed of the steam engines.
He had managed to counteract the skidding but, during the changing of the first and second guard, a stronger gust suddenly increased the skidding.
The order to release the sail halyards was not carried out promptly due to various problems and the ship exceeded the fateful 21 degrees.
Unfortunately, she sank south of Cape Finisterre and only 18 of the 490 men on the crew were saved.
Coles who was on board also died.
The commission's ruling was expressed as follows:
"His Majesty's ship Captain was capsized by the pressure of the sails combined with the force of the sea.
The sails carried at the time of the accident (in relation to the strength of the wind and the state of the sea) were insufficient to endanger a ship with an appropriate degree of stability ...
The Court finds it necessary to point out that the Captain was built in homage to public opinion expressed by Parliament and other bodies, contrary to the opinion of the heads of this Department and the whole hearing has shown that they disapproved of her construction."
The first five images are of the Captain while the last two are of the Monarch.
I hope the translation wasn't a disaster.
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Captain_%281869%29 |
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/12/17/missing-victorian-battleship-set-rec |
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